神经敏感性的降低是棉铃虫对拟除虫菊酯抗药性的重要机制

用扫描电子显微镜和光学显微镜的染色观察,研究了棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigeraHubner 3龄幼虫腹部神经一肌肉的分布,表明其腹纵肌细胞适合于作电生理细胞内记录。用电生理细胞内微电极记录法研究了棉铃虫三个品系：对照品系、功夫菊酯抗性品系(Cy-R,抗性指数13.4)和氰戊菊酯抗性品系(Fn-R,抗性指数37.9)的3龄幼虫神经一肌肉材料对相应杀虫剂的神经敏感性。结果表明：用10^-6mol/L的功夫菊酯处理Cy-R,在30min内有40%的个体对药剂无反应,另外60%的个体产生反应所需的时间是对照品系的3.5倍。用10^-6mol/L的氰戊菊酯处理Fn-R,在30min内有47%的个体对药剂无反应,另外53%的个体产生反应所需的时间是对照品系的4.2倍。这些结果说明神经敏感性降低是棉铃虫对拟除虫菊酯抗药性的重要机制。     

内源植物激素与光敏核不育水稻农垦58S育性的关系

采用气相色谱－质谱联用选择离子检测（ＧＣ－ＭＳ－ＳＩＭ）技术,定性、定量分析了光敏核不育水稻农垦５８Ｓ（Ｏｒｙｚａ ｓａｔｉｖａ Ｌ． ｓｕｂｓｐ． ｊａｐｏｎｉｃａ）及对照品种“农垦５８”在长（ＬＤ）、短（ＳＤ）日照处理下,不同发育时期顶端全展叶片中内源ＩＡＡ、ＡＢＡ 和生殖器官中内源ＩＡＡ、ＡＢＡ、ＧＡ１、ＧＡ４ 的含量变化。实验结果表明：在ＬＤ 处理下,农垦５８Ｓ雌雄蕊形成期的叶片和花粉母细胞形成期的幼穗中ＩＡＡ 相继发生亏缺;农垦５８Ｓ－ＬＤ花粉母细胞形成期、单核期和扬花期,生殖器官中内源ＡＢＡ 均低于农垦５８Ｓ－ＳＤ 的含量,“农垦５８”则与此相反;扬花期不育花药中内源ＧＡ１ 和ＧＡ４ 含量剧减。据此认为：生殖器官中早期ＩＡＡ 的亏损、ＡＢＡ 含量剧减伴随着抗逆性能的减弱及ＧＡＳ的不足共同导致了农垦５８Ｓ的雄性败育     

蓝藻藻胆体与类囊体膜之间光能传递的研究

从嗜热蓝藻优雅粘囊藻（Ｍｙｘｏｓａｒｃｉｎａ ｃｏｎｃｉｎｎａ Ｐｒｉｎｔｚ．）中分离到具有放氧活性的藻胆体－类囊体膜复合物。它的吸收峰位于６８０、６２８、４９０、４３８和４２０ ｎｍ ,在低离子强度（０．１～０．４ ｍ ｏｌ／Ｌ）磷酸缓冲液中的６６４ ｎｍ 荧光发射峰随离子强度的降低而升高,７１８ ｎｍ 荧光发射峰与此相反（７７ 。Ｋ,Ｅｘ＝ ５８０ ｎｍ ）。当把游离的藻胆体和已解离去藻胆体的类囊体膜在蔗糖磷酸缓冲液中重组时,随时间延长（０～６０ ｍ ｉｎ）,７１８ ｎｍ 荧光发射峰逐渐升高,６８５ ｎｍ 荧光发射峰逐渐下降（７７ 。Ｋ,Ｅｘ ＝ ５８０ ｎｍ ）,表明藻胆体与类囊体之间的解离和结合对光能传递的影响     

大肠癌中p53基因突变的研究

应用聚合酶链反应(PCR)──单链构型多态性(SSCP)结合银染法对14例大肠癌p53基因的第4、第5─6和第7外显子进行了点突变的研究,结果共检测出6例点突变,而且发现各外显子的突变频率存在差异。另外,利用购自ATCC的两个探针 (p53cDNA探针和pYNZ22探针)对大肠癌中p53基因的杂合性失去进行了研究,在14例大肠癌中共检出6例杂合性丢失。将点突变检测结果同杂合性丢失结果进行比较分析, 并着重探讨了大肠癌中p53基因失活导致肿瘤的作用方式。 Abstract:The exons 4-7 of p53 gene were examined in 14 colorectal Cancer patients by using PCR-SSCP-silver staining method.The results showed 6 cases of point mutation and the mutation frequencies of exons were different from each other.p53 cDNA and pYNZ22 VNTR were used as probes to examine LOH(Loss of heterozygosity)of 14 colorectal cancers.6 cases with LOH were found.The results of present research suggest that mutation and LOH of p53 gene are critical events in the progress and development of Cancer.There were different kinds of inactivation model of p53 gene in the process of development of cancer and transformation of cells.     

Effects of anti-peptide antibodies against the second extracellular loop of human M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors on transmembrane potentials and currents in guinea pig ventricular myocytes

The effects of anti-peptide antibodies against the second extracellular loop of human M2 muscarinic receptor on transmembrane potentials and currents in guinea pig single ventricular cells were analyzed using whole-cell patch clamp technique. These effects were compared with those of the muscarinic receptor agonists carbachol and acetylcholine. The antibodies shortened the action potential duration in a dose-dependent manner. By using a ramp or step rectangular pulse protocol, it was found that the antibodies increased the outward K⁺ current and decreased the inward basal I Ca significantly. The reversal potential of both carbachol-and antibody-induced extra currents were close to –80 mV, being in proximity to the calculated E_k of –90 mV. A -adrenergic receptor agonist, isoprenaline, prolonged the action potential and increased the overshoot which could be inhibited by both antibody and carbachol. Isoprenaline increased inward I_ca and outward I_k simultaneously. Both antibody and carbachol could significantly reduce the isoprenaline-stimulated I_Ca but not the isoprenaline-stimulated I_k. The antibody- or carbachol-induced outward K⁺ current and the depressant effects of antibody and carbachol on isoprenaline-stimulated I_ca were partially antagonized by atropine. These results suggest that the anti-M2 muscarinic receptor antibodies display a stimulatory activity similar to muscarinic receptor agonist on the receptor-mediated electrophysiological events.     

The structure of d(TpA), the major photoproduct of thymidylyl-(3'5')-deoxyadenosine.

Irradiation of the dinucleotide TpdA and TA-containing oligonucleotides and DNA produces the TA* photoproduct which was proposed to be the [2+2] cyclo-addition adduct between the C5-C6 double bonds of the T and the A [Bose,S.N., Kumar,S., Davies,R.J.H., Sethi,S.K. and McCloskey,J.A. (1984) Nucleic Acids Res. 12, 7929-7947]. The proposed structure was based on a variety of spectroscopic and chemical degradation studies, and the assignment of a trans-syn-I stereochemistry was based on an extensive 1H-NMR and molecular modeling study of the dinucleotide adduct [Koning,T.M.G., Davies,R.J.H. and Kaptein,R. (1990) Nucleic Acids Res. 18, 277-284]. However, a number of properties of TA* are not in accord with the originally proposed structure, and prompted a re-evaluation of the structure. To assign the 13C spectrum and establish the bond connectivities of the TA* photoproduct of TpdA [d(TpA)*], 1H-13C heteronuclear multiple-quantum coherence (HMQC) and heteronuclear multiple bond correlation (HMBC) spectra were obtained. The 13C shifts and connectivities were found to be inconsistent with the originally proposed cyclobutane ring fusion between the thymine and adenine, but could be explained by a subsequent ring-expansion reaction to give an eight-membered ring valence isomer. The new structure for the d(TpA)* resolves the inconsistencies with the originally proposed structure, and could have a stereochemistry that arises from the anti, anti glycosyl conformation found in B form DNA.     

人巨细胞病毒小鼠模型的建立

采用HCMV-AD_(169)株实验感染昆明系和BALB/C系小鼠,攻毒后感染急性期BALB/C系小鼠的死亡率(28.57％)高于昆明系小鼠(5.26％)。两种不同品系小鼠的临床症状和HCMV导致的病理损害脑钙化无明显差异。昆明小鼠的发病率(94.74％)高于BALB/C小鼠。     

自养黄杆菌合成羟基丁酸和羟基戊酸共聚体的发酵研究

采用本实验室从土壤中分离到的一株自养黄杆菌进行了羟基丁酸和羟基戊酸共聚体〔P(HB-co-HV)〕的发酵试验。实验结果表明,该菌株是自养黄杆菌葡萄糖运输突变株,可以葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖、麦芽糖、乙酸盐、乳酸盐和苹果酸盐作为唯一碳源,尤以葡萄糖和果糖效果最佳。硫酸铵、氯化铵和蛋白胨等不同氮源不影响其生长,却影响细胞中P(HB-co-HV)的含量和P(HB-co-HV)中HV/HB的比例。应用两阶段控制方式,经42h的补料分批发酵,细胞浓度达34.9g·L~(-1),P(HB-co-HV)浓度达25.28g·L~(-1)。细胞和P(HB-co-HV)生产速率系数分别为0.83g·L~(-1)”·h~(-1)和0.61g·L~(-1)·h~(-1)。以基质为基准的细胞得率系数(Yx/s)、产物得率系数(Yp/s)和以干细胞为基准的产物得率系数(Yp/x)分别为0.283(g/g)、0.174(g/g)和0.73(g/g)。改变培养基中碳氮源组分可将P(HB-co-HV)中HB的含量调节在24％～78％之间。     

Genomic Analysis of a New Mammalian Distal-less Gene: Dlx7

We have cloned a new Dlx gene (Dlx7) from human and mouse that may represent the mammalian orthologue of the newt geneNvHBox-5.The homeodomains of these genes are highly similar to all other vertebrate Dlx genes, and regions of similarity also exist between mammalian Dlx7 and a subset of vertebrate Dlx genes downstream of the homeodomain. The sequence divergence between human and mouse Dlx7 in these regions is greater than that predicted from comparisons of other vertebrate Dlx genes, however, and there is little sequence similarity upstream of the homeodomain both between these two genes and with other Dlx genes. We present evidence for alternative splicing of mouseDlx7upstream of the homeodomain that may account for some of this divergence. We have mapped humanDLX7distal to the 5′ end of the HOXB cluster at an estimated distance of between 1 and 2 Mb by FISH. Both the human and the mouse Dlx7 are shown to be closely linked to Dlx3 in a convergently transcribed orientation. These mapping results support the possibility that vertebrate distal-less genes have been duplicated in concert with the Hox clusters.